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From
Germany
to
Virginia |
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The following story is family legend. There is
another documented account of George Nicholas Spaid's military service
in America during the American Revolution and his actions during
that war. |
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The following is from the "Spaid
Genealogy" |
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This is the story of a German schoolboy, who with a bundle
of books under his arm, one fine morning in April, 1776, was on his way to the
High School of Cassell, the small capital
city of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, when he was kidnapped by two soldiers
of the Grand Duke Friedrick II, to be sold to King George III of England
for service in the rebellious colonies of America. He was quickly taken
by the soldiers to their barracks and so closely was he held prisoner that
he never again saw his parents nor brother and sister. Nor would they let
him go to bid his family farewell before he was shipped out by way of England
to America.
This seventeen year old schoolboy
was George Nicholas Spaht, the elder son of Michael and Cunegunda Spaht.
He had one brother, Mathias and one sister, Charity. Why did not his parents
protest against such tyranny? Autocracy is not a new development in Germany.
History tells us that if a mother protested in a case like this she was
thrown into prison; if the father protested, he was flogged. And they were
not alone in their suffering. This same Grand Duke furnished 22,000 soldiers
to the English King and many of them were obtained in the same way. The
finances of the Grand Duchy were considerably augmented at the expense
of the welfare and morality of the people, and the dissolute ruler kept
up a splendid "Court" on the proceeds of the pay.
The Hessians were the victims
of the tyranny of their rulers, who sold the lives and services of their
subjects to the highest bidder. The English government was at that time
the best customer. Large profits were realized by the petty princes who
were willing to sell mercenaries for the war in the American colonies,
as can be seen by examination of the contracts between the parties on either
side, contracts which were not kept secret.--All told, the expense to England
for the German mercenary troops was at least seven Million pounds sterling,
the equivalent at present of one hundred and twenty to one hundred and
fifty million dollars.--The greatest of the German princes did not allow
his subjects to be sold. Frederick the Great used his influence against
the sale of recruits in other German states and refused to allow mercenaries
who were intended for the American service to pass through his domains,"
says Prof. Faust in his great work," The German Element in America."
Dr. Holmes very tritely observes
that "There are but two biographers who can tell the story of a man's life--the
person himself and the recording angel. The first cannot be trusted to
tell the whole truth, and the second never lets his book to out of his
own hands." Now since our great ancestor did not leave the story of his
life, and I have not access to the recording angel's book, it is our intention
to set down here only a few glimpses, as it were, of the Great Progenitor.
We do not know how long he
remained in England, nor how long the voyage lasted, but history tells
us that on Christmas eve, 1776, the Hessians under Col. Rahl were keeping
the vigil of the Nativity in their customary manner at Trenton, N.J., when
General Washington with a handful of troops crossed the Delaware River
amidst floating ice, surprised the hilarious Hessians, killed a few and
captured more than a thousand and fled back to Philadelphia. Blessed, blessed
Night! that gave a Redeemer to a sin-sick world! And if we had not been
a temperance man for half a hundred years, we would add, blessed be that
booze that gave a thousand German prisoners to the Father of our Country!
That the American Colonist
despised the German troops is not surprising and if the prison camps had
been located among purely English settlers it is probable that at the first
reverses the American troops suffered, all the prisoners would have been
massacred. So with a wisdom almost divine the prison camps for the Germans
were established in German settlements, the chief camps being at Germantown,
near Philadelphia, and at Winchester, Va. Young Spaid was sent to the latter
camp.
According to the records imprisonment
in these camps was only nominal, at least after the first few months. Whether
the community was held responsible for so many prisoners and was permitted
to enforce prison rules to suit themselves, we cannot tell at this date.
The German settlers living at both Winchester and Germantown were, for
the most part, from the Palatine, a state adjoining Hesse, from whence
these soldiers came, and are invariably considered to have been high class
colonists, having fled from Germany during the religious wars. The best
understanding between the Palatinate settlers and the Hessian soldiers
would exist as a matter of course. They used the same language and most
of them were of the same religion--Lutheran. Seeing their countrymen enjoying
such liberty and comfort on the frontier of America, with a climate so
salubrious as the Shenandoah Valley, with the forests full of game and
the streams full of fish, and where land might be had for the asking, the
great wonder is that any of the Hessian soldiers elected to be exchanged
and returned to the home land, unless they had left families there.
Well, George Spaid elected
to stay in America. Thanks be to God! *The Hessian soldiers had been sent
to these camps early in '77 and the war ended with the siege of Yorktown
in October, 1781, so that the exchange of prisoners did not take place
before the spring of '82, and in those five years the German soldiers had
ample time to learn of the advantages and disadvantages of frontier life.
We are led to think their imprisonment was only nominal because in 1782
George Spaid married Elizabeth Cale (Kale), the daughter of a pioneer German
whose home was on the west bank of Capon River about thirty miles west
of Winchester.
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George Nikolaus Spaeth, was a soldier of the Ansbach-Bayreuth
troops. In respect to the claim that he was kidnapped, those
kidnap stories are heard often, but very seldom are true.
According to the German-American Research Monograph No.2, titled
"Mercenaries from Ansbach and Bayreuth, Germany, who remained in
America after the Revolution by Clifford Neal Smith, Westland
Publisher. Under 2-130 there is listed:
Spaeth, Nikolaus, private, Regiment Ansbach, 3.Comp.,
According to DOE, entry of 12.Feb.1783: Private Spaeth returned,
etc...
DOE refers to the Diary of Johann Conrad Doehla, and having on hand
this book
"A Hessian Diary of the American Revolution" by Johann Conrad Doehla,
translated and edited by Bruce E. Burgoyne, published by the
University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, in 1990,
I will quote what it says about Spaeht on pages 111 and 218: 111:
25.August 1779 - This morning punishment was carried out. A
private (Nikolaus) Sp:ath (that’s the other way of typing an a with
two dots on top, but normally we do it this way “ae” for better
filing) Nikolaus Spaeth of Quesnoy's Company, had to run the
gauntlet of 200 men fourteen times, and Private Andreas Neubauer,
six times, because of pillaging in a garden while on a large command
from Princeton's Point.
p.218: 12.Feb.1783 - Private Spaeth, of Quesnoy's Company, came back
from Virginia and turned up in the barracks. He had been gone and
missing for almost a year.
6.March 1783 - During the night Private Spaeth, of Quesnoy's
Company, again deserted. Supposedly, he is married in Virginia and
had returned to the Regiment only to pick up his pay and belongings.
(Well, who would blame him for taking off after such a cruel
punishment, and the nerve he had to come back and get his stuff and
PAY)
He is also mentioned in another book "The Virginia Germans" by Klaus
Wust, copyright 1969 and published by The University Press of
Virginia, where it just says that the Ansbach troops lost many men
in the Shenandoah Valley, and mentions some names, Spaeth among
them.
Trusting that the foregoing was of some interest to our subscribers,
I can only recommend to buy those books.
Regards, John Merz.
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When and where these young
people met cannot now be ascertained, and the exact date of their marriage
is unknown. During the Civil war the Union soldiers destroyed all the records
of Hampshire County. (We thought the county officer at Romney, the county
seat of Hampshire County, took a malicious pleasure in telling us this
when he learned we were from Ohio.) Most of those of Frederick County (Winchester)
were also destroyed, the marriage licenses there starting with the date
1789. The first entry in the Hebron Lutheran church record is also dated
1789, so there is little hope of ever having any definite date on this
marriage. It is certain the Cales lived on Capon river before the outbreak
of the Revolutionary War because many of the old gravestones bear dates
of death so early as 1770, or even earlier, of the Cales buried there.
We may take it for granted
that the first home of the young people was a log hut in the wilderness,
but whether on what is now known as the Spaid farm, adjoining James Creswell's
farm, we cannot now tell. Certain it is that he soon after marriage had
a pretentious home here that was still standing in 1900 when the venerable
Luther Spaid visited his relatives in Hampshire county and was taken to
see the old home of his grandfather, a ten-room weather boarded house--part
of it a log house weather boarded, and then used for a sheep shed. Luther
brought away a door-latch and part of a log as a relic of the first Spaid
home in America.
It is not much of a guess to
say that the Spaids lived on this farm from their marriage in 1782 till
their removal to Ohio in 1819, a period of thirty-seven years. Here then
were born to them all their nine children, four daughters and five sons,
in the order named: John, Frederick, Elizabeth, Mary, Michael, Christina,
William, Nancy, Richard. The last named is a guess. Richard died a little
boy about eleven years old, and doubtless is buried in the Cale cemetery
--the Cale farm was only about two miles away on the same bank (the west
bank) of Capon river. We could find no gravestone carved for him, but the
cemetery has been thrown into a pasture field so long, and nearly all the
stones are knocked down and broken into many pieces, for all were flag
stones.
We never did find any family
Bible of George Spaid containing a record, but he and his wife and each
of his eight children have gravestones with date of birth and death carved
on it, and each of the eight children that lived to marry has left a family
record in some branch of the descendants, and in every case but one the
dates in the Bible record agree with the dates on the gravestone. Uncle
John's Bible record is undoubtedly correct and the date on the gravestone
incorrect. The Bible record was filled out by the careful Meredith Capper.
In some parts of the family
the opinion prevails that George Nicholas was not overfond of work, but
it is inconceivable that a robust young fellow could locate in the woods,
hew out a farm and provide for a large family without doing considerable
work. The two oldest in the family were boys, and the other children were
also taught to work; but there can be no question of the father's working
when he was a young man. Beside the children all married and established
homes of their own as soon as they came of age. Six of the children married
in Virginia and three of them (John, Fred, and Christina) made their homes
there all their lives. Three (Elizabeth, Mary, and Michael) married in
Virginia but removed to Ohio when they had only one or two children. William
was nineteen and Nancy twelve when they went to Ohio, but both married
partners that had been born and reared in Virginia, and they had probably
first known them there.
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